c) Overlaps are not marked as they are visually obvious in the Elan layout.
d) Noise and peripheral phenomena are indicated in between braces, without space
between braces and text, with an underscore between English words if there are several of
them. (Afterwards, the braces and their contents can be erased in the mot line).
ex: u
ː
tak{door_banging,_someone_enters_the_room} rha
e) External laughter {LAUGHTER}, laughter of the speaker (LAUGHTER).
f) Incomprehensible passages are conventionally marked in all tiers by XX.
g) If we hear a word perfectly, but we do not know its meaning, we transcribe it in
ref@SP.
h) Lengthening: in ref@SP only, we use the IPA symbols ː three times in case of phonetic
lengthening, e.g;. aːːː
Phonological length is marked just with one IPA symbol ː e.g. aː
Ex :
tx əmːːː (hesitation marker)
mot əm
mb əm
ge əm
rx HESIT
Some languages (Wolaitta) have to mark their vowel length as " aa " in ref@SP line
instead of aːːː, because they have to place tonal markers on the first or second mora of the
syllabe (case alternations).
i) Consonant gemination: write two consonants.
j) Sung passages: %from beginning to end%
4. From Praat to ELAN
Important
Don’t forget the following steps in Praat before importing into ELAN:
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